Homocysteine

Homocysteine is an amino acid involved in methylation pathways. Elevated levels can be pro-inflammatory, damage endothelial cells, and are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and potentially cognitive decline. Levels are influenced by genetics and status of B vitamins (B6, B12, Folate). Optimal levels for longevity are generally targeted below 9 or 10 μmol/L.