Lp(a)

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a specific type of lipoprotein particle whose levels are largely genetically determined, so it is not a target for optimization and only needs to be measured once. Elevated Lp(a) is an independent and causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic stenosis. Unlike other lipids, levels are less influenced by lifestyle. Measuring Lp(a) is crucial for comprehensive risk assessment, as high levels warrant more aggressive management of other modifiable risk factors.